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1 Revolution of 25 april 1974
Refers to the events that began in the early morning hours of 25 April 1974, when the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) began military operations against the Estado Novo in the Lisbon area. Signals for action included the playing of two songs on a popular radio station's (Rádio Renascença) midnight program broadcast. The songs were Depois do Adeus and Grândola, Vila Morena. The latter song, sung on the record made by composer-singer José Afonso, had been banned by government censorship and was usually played only clandestinely. The military coup proceeded during the period from midnight to about 4:30 p.m. on the afternoon of 25 April, a rainy day, and met relatively little resistance from the Estado Novo's few remaining staunch defenders.Most of the drama was played out in the streets of Lisbon as MFA tanks, armored cars, and troops took positions and demanded the surrender of neutral or loyal forces. After Prime Minister Marcello Caetano had taken refuge in the Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) Carmo barracks, traditionally a place of sanctuary for government incumbents in previous military coup attempts, Caetano surrendered to the insurgent military forces. He was later flown to exile in Madeira, with President Américo Tómas, and then to Brazil. This date marks the end of the Estado Novo and the beginning of democratic Portugal. The 25th of April is an official national holiday.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Revolution of 25 april 1974
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2 Santos, José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso
(1929-1987)Balladeer, singer, poet, musician, composer, and teacher. Known to the public simply as "Zeca" or "José Afonso," he was a student poet, singer, and musician in the 1950s, and premier interpreter of Coimbra fado, creator of a new school of fado music, and leader of a reform movement in popular music. Using his distinctive musical compositions, appealing baritone singing voice, and iconoclastic lyrics of resistance to tyranny, Afonso Santos employed his poetic and musical gifts as instruments of resistance and opposition to the enduring Estado Novo. Two recorded songs became early shots in this war: Balada de Outono (Autumn's Ballad) and Menino d'Oiro (Golden Boy). With diverse, subversive meanings usually disguised in allegory, his lyrics and style eschewed the traditional Coimbra fado's fare of broad sentiment and unrequited love. Instead, Afonso presented new ballads with contemporary resonance. In the mid-1960s, when so many Portuguese youth were drafted and mobilized for Portugal's colonial wars in Africa, he lived and taught school in Mozambique, where he organized opposition to the regime. Later in that colony, he was arrested by the PIDE.After his return to Portugal, Afonso's reputation as a rebel ballad-eer grew; among his most celebrated recorded ballads were Cantigas de Maio (Songs of May, 1971) and Venham Mais Cinco (Five More Came, 1973). His famous revolutionary, rallying song, Grândola, Vila Morena, banned by the Estado Novo before 1974, became the single most famous piece of Portuguese revolutionary music in the second half of the 20th century. Grândola featured Afonso's voice and lyrics and expressed a clearly leftist ideology and resistance to tyranny, to the background sounds of marching feet growing louder. Selected by the coup planners of the Armed Forces Movement as a signal for action, a secret password sign to be played over Lisbon radio at about midnight on 24/25 April 1974, this remarkable song acquired new fame and a place in history as both an actual signal for rebel military operations to begin and an enduring revolutionary rallying cry. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Grândola became the most potent symbol of the move to topple the Estado Novo and open the way for profound change, as well as a musical icon, equaled only by the iconographic red carnation. The first stanza of Afonso's lyrics, translated from the Portuguese, is: Grândola, dark-brown town, Homeland of Brotherhood The people have more power within you, oh city....Historical dictionary of Portugal > Santos, José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso
См. также в других словарях:
Vila morena — Grândola, Vila Morena Grândola Vila Morena est une chanson portugaise composée par Zeca Afonso, qui raconte la fraternité des habitants de Grândola, une ville située dans l Alentejo. Elle fut considérée par le régime Antonio de Oliveira Salazar,… … Wikipédia en Français
Grândola, Vila Morena — Mural conmemorativo en Grândola. Grândola, Vila Morena (Grândola, Villa Morena), es una canción compuesta por José Afonso que sirvió como señal para el inicio de la Revolución de los Claveles de Portugal el 25 de abril de 1974 … Wikipedia Español
Grandola vila morena — Grândola, Vila Morena Grândola Vila Morena est une chanson portugaise composée par Zeca Afonso, qui raconte la fraternité des habitants de Grândola, une ville située dans l Alentejo. Elle fut considérée par le régime Antonio de Oliveira Salazar,… … Wikipédia en Français
Grândola, Vila Morena — est une chanson portugaise composée par Zeca Afonso, qui raconte la fraternité des habitants de Grândola, une ville située dans l Alentejo. Elle fut considérée par le régime d Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, l Estado Novo, comme exaltant les idées… … Wikipédia en Français
Grândola, Vila Morena — Das Monument aus Azulejos mit den Musiknoten des Liedes Grândola, Vila Morena, zum 25. Jahrestag des 25. April, des Tages der Nelkenrevolution. Grândola, Vila Morena (deutsch Grândola, braungebrannte Stadt) ist das berühmte portugiesisches… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Grandola Vila Morena — Grândola, Vila Morena (deutsch Grândola, braungebrannte Stadt) ist ein berühmtes portugiesisches Lied von José Afonso. Es ist die Hymne der Nelkenrevolution von 1974. Das Lied war während der salazaristischen Diktatur verboten. In der Nacht der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Grândola, Vila Morena — is a Portuguese song by Zeca Afonso, that tells of the fraternity among the people of Grândola, a town in the Alentejo. Salazar s Estado Novo regime considered the song to be associated with Communism, and as a result it was banned from being… … Wikipedia
Morena — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Personnalités Morena Baccarin : actrice brésilienne Éric Morena : chanteur français Lolita Morena : comédienne et animatrice de télévision… … Wikipédia en Français
Revolução dos Cravos — Die Nelkenrevolution (portugiesisch: Revolução dos Cravos?/i oder einfach 25 de Abril) bezeichnet den Aufstand der Armee in Portugal am 25. April 1974 gegen die herrschende Diktatur des Estado Novo. Sie verdankt ihren Namen den Nelken, die den… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Jose Afonso — José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos, kurz José Afonso, (* 2. August 1929 in Aveiro, Portugal; † 23. Februar 1987 in Setúbal), auch genannt Zeca Afonso, war einer der bedeutendsten Sänger und Komponisten Portugals. Sein … Deutsch Wikipedia
José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos — José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos, kurz José Afonso, (* 2. August 1929 in Aveiro, Portugal; † 23. Februar 1987 in Setúbal), auch genannt Zeca Afonso, war einer der bedeutendsten Sänger und Komponisten Portugals. Sein … Deutsch Wikipedia
